• Biology: came from two Greek words bios means life,  and logos meaning study.

  • Biology is the scientific study of life or living things.

The seven life processes that are common to most living organisms are:

1. Nutrition – all living organisms need food to provide them with the energy used by their cells.

2. Respiration – the process by which living organisms get the energy from their food.

                     

3. Excretion – getting rid of the waste products produced by the cells.

4. Growth – living organisms get bigger. They increase in both size and mass.

5. Irritability – all living organisms are sensitive to changes in their surroundings.

6. Movement – all living organisms need to move to get near to things they need or away from problems.

7. Reproduction – producing offspring

What relationships does Biology have with other fields of natural sciences?

  • With chemistry:- chemical bonding, molecules, acids ,bases ,anabolism

  • With Physics:- conversion of radiant energy into organic molecules by photosynthesis.

         

Studying biology helps to understand 

  • how living things work, 

  • how they function and 

  • interact with the environment.

  • By asking questions and seeking science-based responses known as the scientific method. 

  • The scientific method involves a series of steps.

  1. Observation

  2. Asking questions

  3. Hypothesis

  4. Experiment

  5. Drawing conclusion

  6. Reporting the Resulting

  • The scientific study begins with careful observations (often a problem to solve) that leads to a question. The observations can be made either directly (e.g. using your sense organs) or indirectly using scientific tools such as microscopes. 

  • The observations usually lead the scientist to ask questions (inquiry).

  • A hypothesis is proposed scientific explanations (possible answers) for a set of question (s).To solve a problem, one can propose several hypotheses. Scientific hypotheses should be testable.

  • Hypothesis can be tested through experimentation. 

  • If Scientists right about their finding the hypotheses can remain as possible explanations for how things work. 

  • If not, scientists reject the hypotheses and try to come up with alternate explanations (new hypotheses) that can explain what they’ve seen.

  • When scientists complete some work, they write a paper that explains exactly what they did and the results they obtained. Then, they submit the paper to a scientific journal in their field.

             

1. Biology is the scientific study of _____________.

    A. Things                                               B. Environment  

    C. Living things                                     D. Universe 

2. From the seven characteristics of living things sensitive to changes in their surroundings is ______________

    A. Movement                                       B. Excretion   

    C. Reproduction                                  D. Irritability  

3. The branch of natural Science that studies about chemical bonding, molecules, acids ,bases ,anabolism is _____

     A. Biology                                          B. Chemistry   

     C. Physics                                         D. Bio physics  

4. Studying biology helps to understand ______________

     A. how living things work                    

     B. how they function and

     C. interact with the environment         

     D. All of them  

5. Which one of the following scientific methods written correctly? 

    A. Asking question, Observation, hypothesis, experiment, Result 

    B. Observation, Hypothesis, Asking question, Experiment, Result

    C. Observation, Asking question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Result

    D. Observation, Asking Questions, Hypothesis, Result, Experiment  

Answer 

1. C  2. D  3. B  4. D  5. C 

Last modified: Kamisa, 25 Fulbaana 2025, 8:24 AM